Analysis Of The Oresteia Trilogy - 762 Words

In the Oresteia Trilogy, the jury deliberates over the conviction of Orestes, as they deliberate the jurors use a method that uses a black pebble that represents the â€Å"guilt† (Aeschylus 21) of Orestes and a white pebble that represents the innocence of Orestes. In literature it is historically noted that the color black is used to symbolize evil or death, whereas, the color white is historically symbolized as purity, goodness, and life. The systemic colorism of people of color, particularly the Black body, continues to be prevalent not only in literature, but in modern American history and political system. In early August of 2017, a protest showcasing a public protest from members of the Ku Klux Klan, Neo-Nazi groups, and self-armed†¦show more content†¦By inherently associating the color Black to evil, this subconsciously tells the Black body that they cannot be a moral being but a corrupt being. This theory is completely evident in American history. For example, racism is used in the American criminal justice system primarily in the incarceration rates of Black bodies. Furthermore, according to The Atlantic magazine’s coverage on mass incarceration amongst the Black community states that 1.2 million Black children with a parent in prison will experience an increase in minuscule achievement in school, behavioral problems, and show signs of depressive symptoms. As the rate of incarceration rises there is also an increase in the inheritance of incarceration amongst young Black men, thus leading to the continuation of mass incarceration amongst the Black community. The systematic oppression of the Black body has been in existence since the first person was stolen off the shores of Africa. And, ever since then America has continued to use the Criminal Justice system to further oppress the Black body into a new form of slavery within the American prison system and increasing the school to prison pipeline amongst people in the Black community. The school to prison pipeline a theory which states that by limiting fundamental educational resources to impoverished neighborhoods this will decrease their ability and want to further their education and thus increasing not only their behavioralShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of The Oresteia Trilogy By Aeschylus879 Words   |  4 PagesIn a crime, a person is accused and shown as innocent or guilty. In this act, this is the simple ideas of justice, which many feel need to happen to someone who has done something contentious. In the play, â€Å"The Oresteia Trilogy by Aeschylus†, the first play â€Å"Agam emnon† has a female character known as Clytemnestra who causes great debate over her controversial actions that continue through the rest of the plays. In an examination, we will explore Clytemnestra’s case and build against her innocenceRead MoreEssay The Cycle of Vengeance in Aeschylus’s Oresteia2440 Words   |  10 PagesThe Cycle of Vengeance in Aeschylus’s Oresteia    The cyclic thread of vengeance runs like wild fire through the three plays in Aeschylus’s Oresteia. This thread, with its complexity of contemporary and universal implications lends itself quite well to – in fact, almost necessitates – deeply interested study. While a brief summary of the Oresteia will inevitably disregard some if not much of the trilogy’s essence and intent, on the positive side it will establish a platform of characters, eventsRead MoreA Tale Of Sacrifice And Murder Based Pride And All For The Sake Of Regaining A Broken Marriage1000 Words   |  4 PagesPlay Analysis Essay A tale of sacrifice and murder based in pride and all for the sake of regaining a broken marriage. In Aeschylus’s Agamemnon, the reader is witness to the aftermath of a great war and difficulties associated with a bitter house hold plagued by death. The reader is only in contact with a small amount of the King of Argos, Agamemnon, but his role in this play and in many others is easily one of the most significant. In other words, every action committed by Agamemnon creates anRead MoreThe Moral And Ethical Dilemmas Facing The Lawyer And The Philosopher s Search For Truth2469 Words   |  10 Pagesphilosophy, truth is considered to be a fundamental concern. However, philosophers have considered its meaning to be an indefinable concept. In contrast, the lawyer’s understanding of truth may be disordered. There is a lack of definition, critique and analysis of truth within the law in comparison to other matters, such as philosophy, religion and social science. Within law , there are long held views that truth is subservient to justice. Further, it is widely accepted that truth is not the major concernRead MoreEssay on Analysis of Aeschylus Agamemnon4499 Words   |  18 PagesAnalysis of Aeschylus Agamemnon Characters- The Watchman Clytaemnestra The Herald Agamemnon Cassandra Aegisthus The Chorus 1). The Watchman: †¢ The watchman sets the time and place for the play (Agamemnon’s palace in Argos, the house of Atreus); he describes the many miserable nights he has spent on the rooftop of the palace watching for the signal fires that will herald the fall of Troy. †¢ The watchman is one Aeschylus’s small characters, but like the herald he serves anRead Moretheme of alienation n no where man by kamala markandeya23279 Words   |  94 Pagesor Euripides. His tragedies did not deal with abstract problems of guilt and punishment stretching over generations, like those of Aeschylus (namely his famous trilogy, Oresteia). Sophocles preferred to depict the specific struggles of resolute individuals against the unyielding forces of fate. He did not favor the writing of a whole trilogy to cover one subject but wrote only single plays, such as Antigone or Ajax. However, Sophocles did write three plays connected to the Oedipus legend from Greek

Attitudes Towards Police What are Young Adults...

Gwendolyn Smith Research Proposal Methods and Techniques of Social Research November 28, 2014 Attitudes towards Police: What Are Young Adults Perception of Police? Introduction Young adults pass perception on everyone they encounter. Law enforcement organizations are prime subjects to their perceptions. During my twenty years of service as a New York City Police Officer, I have encountered daily hassles, uncooperative behavior and hostile behavior. In essence, a general lack of no respect for police authority. I interacted with young adults in various capacities from minor to felonious crimes, domestic disputes, rowdiness and other calls for service that may alter their opinion of police. The purpose of this study†¦show more content†¦Moreover, minorities were detained for longer periods of time per stop than whites, and were 80 percent of those whose cars were searched after being stopped. The discriminatory treatment of minority drivers was duly noted by Volusia County Sergeant Dale Anderson, who asked a white motorist he had stopped how he was doing; the motorist responded â€Å"Not very good,† to which Anderson responded, â €Å"Could be worse – could be black† (civilrights.org, 2011). â€Å"In Newark, New Jersey, on the night of June 14, 2008, two youths aged 15 and 13 were riding in a car driven by their football coach, Kelvin Lamar James. All were African American. Newark police officers stopped their car in the rain, pulled the three out, and held them at gunpoint while the car was searched. James stated that the search violated his rights. One officer replied in abusive language that the three African Americans didn’t have rights and that the police had no rules. The search of the car found no contraband, only football equipment† (civilrights.org, 2011). â€Å"Hispanics were also just as likely as blacks to believe that the treatment they receive from police is definitely prejudiced and unfriendly. In October 1994, in Lincoln, Nebraska, Francisco Renteria was escorting his mother home from a Laundromat when he was accosted by University of Nebraska police dispatched to investigate a crime. Mistaking Renteria for the suspect, they fatally beat himShow MoreRelatedThe Media And Social Media Impact Our Lives1498 Words   |  6 PagesCritical Analysis Prior to tackling this topic, I had some predetermined thoughts about the media’s role in coverage of police shootings. This led me to researching the psychology of the people involved in these events. While I thought I would gather plenty of data to support a conclusion, I was surprised to find that was not the case. There was not enough data for this paper because fake news is a relatively new concept in our society with very little conclusive data. The next logical step wasRead MoreThe Highlands Is A Low Income Community2354 Words   |  10 Pagesand assaults on other members of the community. There is also a fear from the community that gangs from neighboring areas are going to move into The Highlands. The areas schools have about a 40% drop out rate and a not very diverse, but committed, police department. City officials and leaders of the community want to decrease the area’s crime rate by being more proactive with its adolescents and the opportunities it is providing to them. Through our research we have determined that for this communityRead MorePolice Discretion1050 Words   |  5 PagesPolice Discretion Police discretion is the ability to choose a course of action because of broad limits of power. 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In fact, the average rate of police killings of BlackRead MoreThe Consequences Of Dehumanizing Black Children2130 Words   |  9 Pagesmore â€Å"adult-like† or overestimate their age. These false perceptions portray Black children as less innocent and more vulnerable to harsh, adult-like treatment (Phillip Atiba, 2014). In the context of the criminal justice system, dehumanization of this kind could explain the racial disparities in sentencing and use of force by officers (Phillip Atiba, 2014). Black children are 18 times more likely than White children to be sentenced as adults and represent 58% of children sentenced to adult facilitiesRead MoreCrime, Moral Panics and the Media Essay1726 Words   |  7 Pagesit from hearsay or alleged experiences of friends and neighbours, 3% from their own experiences, and 1% from the police service themselves (cited in Jones, 2001; 8). However the media tend to exaggerate upon areas of criminal activity causing a moral panic. ‘A moral panic is a semi- spontaneous or media generated mass movement based on the perception that some individual or group, frequently a minority group or subculture, is dangerously deviant and poses menace Read MoreImpact of Party Drugs on the Youth Culture Essay1507 Words   |  7 Pagespg. 14). It is against these five characteristics that the impact of party drugs on the youth culture will be assessed. This essay will explore how the characteristics of adolescence place teenagers at risk from drug experimentation and how the perception of policy makers will influence the community’s response to the problem. The exploration of identity involves having a range of experiences that provides the adolescent with the means to assess the possibilities for the purpose of formulatingRead MoreEvaluation Of A Preschool Classroom During Play Time1238 Words   |  5 Pagesand dressing up as firefighters and police officers while the girls are playing make believe in the kitchen and folding laundry. The difference in how children may play and/or interact is clear to see. At a very young age, children already have started to associate different toys, clothing, jobs, behaviors, and/or colors with gender. What accounts for accounts for this in children? Reading about gender typing in the book made me become more interested in what factors contribute to developing genderRead MoreThe Perception Of Law Enforcement3313 Words   |  14 PagesIt is no secret the perception of law enforcement has changed in the United States over the last year; given the news coverage of deadly encounters involving victims of one race and police officers of another. This brings up the question of whether police officers are really the â€Å"enemy† the public believes them to be through their consumption of rampant negative media coverage, or are they merely one cog in a very large wheel of cascading failures in our society and the criminal justice system.Read MoreRacial Profiling Has Been A Big Thing1416 Words   |  6 Pageslive, if you just walk outside you will know that in the past couple of year that racial profiling has been a big thing. I will be talking about the relationship between police officers and the community that they are sworn to protect. This isn t a new issue because you can go back many years and find many cases of supposedly police officers racially profiling people in its community. Many people have different ideas of how we should solve this issue because this issue is very serious because it can

Homelessness Melissa St Free Essays

Homelessness Melissa St George SOC 203: Social Problems Instructor: Risa Garelick August 28, 2011 I intend to show the meaning of homelessness and the different ways that people become homeless. I will also show how we can go about preventing homelessness. Homelessness means that one has no place to live. We will write a custom essay sample on Homelessness Melissa St or any similar topic only for you Order Now â€Å"The most prominent sociodemographic characteristics identified with high risk of homelessness have been male gender, Black race, being unmarried, and being middle aged† (Greenberg Rosenheck, 2010, p1234-1235). Most of the homeless live in cities but there are those who live in the rural areas. Most of them are hidden because they are homeless for shorter periods of time. There are several causes or reasons why people are homeless, some of them are by choice and others are forced, contrary to most people’s beliefs that they â€Å"are drug addicts, alcoholics or are mentally challenged† (syzygyastro). The different types of homeless people are â€Å"push-outs†, victims of environmental catastrophe, mentally ill, the new poor, the technologically unqualified, the elderly, runaways, the demoralized, alcoholics, ease addicts, travel addicts, and excitement addicts (Henslin, 2008, p 228). The â€Å"push-outs† are people or families that have been forced out. They can be teenagers who are thrown out by their parents. The parents may have thrown them out due to They can be adults or families who have been evicted by landlords. Due to the high costs of rents, they may have had to choose between paying the rent or other necessities such as food, clothing, or gas. Or they could have lost their home due to the â€Å"sub-prime mortgage catastrophe that has made more than families homeless in 2008 and now threatens a further 48 percent of the rest sub-prime mortgage holders who are late in payments or in default† (Syzygyastro). Victims of environmental catastrophe have been forced out due to hurricanes, floods, fires, tornadoes, tsunamis, or other environmental disasters. The mentally ill have been forced out by hospitals or insurance companies. They are unable to care for themselves, so they live out on the streets not knowing how to survive in the â€Å"real† world. They can also become homeless because they need to choose their medications over rent. â€Å"20% to 50% of homeless adults suffer from a serious mental illness† (Greenberg Rosenheck, 2010, p 1235). The new poor are forced out from a job due to technological change. There jobs are taken over by machines and/or globalization. The company moves to another part of the world, so that they can pay fewer wage to their employees. The technologically unqualified have been forced out because they never posed any technological skills, so they are unable to keep or get jobs. The wages that they do receive are so low that they can not afford an apartment. The elderly have been discarded. They have no family support, no income, and most are unemployable. Runaways choose to be homeless due to unstable living conditions. Most of these runaways are teenagers who have been physically abused. Some are the results of the system failing them. Most of the runaways are between the age of fifteen and seventeen but there are some that are as young as age ten. The demoralized are the depressed who have given up. The addicts are those who have been addicted to alcohol or drugs and choose their addictions over their homes. 0% to 80% have a history of substance use disorders† (Greenberg Rosenheck, 2010, p 1235), â€Å"thirty eight percent of homeless people have a problem with alcohol addiction and that another twenty six percent of homeless people have addictions to other drugs† (Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, 2003). The Anti-Drug Abuse Act has made impossible for people who are convicted of a drug-related crime to keep their public housing . In the 1950’s the deinstitutionalization of psychiatric treatment was the major factor of homelessness. The ease addicts choose homelessness. They are usually in their early twenties and want to escape responsibility. The travel addicts choose to be homeless and want to roam. The excitement addicts choose to be homeless. They enjoy the thrill of danger and because it offers the â€Å"edge†. The other things that are also associated with homelessness are past incarceration, exposure to trauma, lack of low-income housing, and the decrease in public funds. â€Å"As a result of loss of benefits, low wages, and unstable employment, many families leaving welfare struggle to get medical care, food, and housing† (National Coalition for the Homeless, 2009). A lack of affordable housing and the limited scale of housing assistance programs have contributed to the current housing crisis and to homelessness† (National Coalition for the Homeless, 2009). There are many ways that we can help to prevent homelessness. In 1987, the McKinney Homeless Act took the first steps to this by making it a federal law that there ne eded to be funding for the homeless. The next steps that we need to do is to evaluate the homeless in our communities to see what programs or services are most in need. We need to evaluate our homeless shelters. We need to have job training and financial programs. We need to keep track of the people that we help. We need to set up supportive housing and/or â€Å"Unfortunately, government action and public policy of recent has not necessarily helped the plight of the homeless, in fact in some cases it has served to compound the problem† (Gaddis, 2007). When we evaluate the homeless in our communities to see what programs or services that we need most, we need to do it in a way that is nonthreatening and compassionate. We need to evaluate our own bias, so that we can put them aside and help them. Many of the people that experience homelessness are not the stereotypical homeless persons that would come to mind when thinking about this problem† (Gaddis, 2007). We need to find out why they are homeless and look to the local government for help. Public assistance programs can help the homeless with some of their problems. There needs to be some type of coordination between homeless sh elters and public service agencies. Some people will not go to public agencies for help because of the bias of others and/or because of their pride. Many of the reports that I read told of conditions at shelters as being in poor condition. An example of this is when FEMA set up the social housing after Hurricane Katrina. â€Å"Some people are highly critical of these camps, calling them nothing more than concentration camps complete with barbed wire and gun towers† (Syzygyastro). The other reports that I read talked about shelters that were run down, very few of them, and they were riddled with disease, pests, and thefts. Job trainings and financial programs will be able to help the homeless get back on their feet. We should have some kind of job training programs for these people because most of them are there due to a job loss. This would also help the runaways who need to the life skills to survive in the world. Financial programs could be very helpful because it can help them get their finances in order and to teach them how to stretch their earnings by budgeting. We need to keep track of the people that we help. Too many times people get the help that they need and then they are forgotten about. We need to set up programs that help this people and offer support over a long period of time. Studies of placement programs often find that they lose track of residents within the first year, so track clients carefully, and assess their need for specific services† (Solutions for America). We need to look at supportive housing or â€Å"Treatment of substance abuse has been reported to improve outcomes in homeless persons with dual diagnoses of serious mental illness and substance abuse† (Folsom, Hawthorne, Lindamer.. , 2005). When we set up supportive housing for addicts, we can help them to beat their addictions and set up their new â€Å"life†. We can also help the people with mental health disorders; get the supports that they may need. We will only be able break the cycle by coming together as a community and working on ways to help those that are having a difficult time. We need to remember that one day that could be us and we would want someone there to help us. Annotated Bibliography: Why Are People Homeless?. (July 2009). Retrieved August 12, 2011, from National Coalition for the Homeless website, http://www. nationalhomeless. org/factsheets/why. tml. The article talks about what homelessness is and the many causes of it. Gaddis, Roger. (2007, August 22). The Homeless in the United States. Retrieved August 12, 2011, from website http://www. associatedcontent. com/article/351165/the_homeless_in_the_united_states. html? cat=4, The article talks about the number of homeless people in the United States and reasons why they are homeless. Youth Homelessness: Facts and Solutions. (n. d. ) Retrieved August 12, 2011, from Yout h Noise website http://www. youthnoise. om/page. php? page_id=6145. This article talks about the causes for teen homelessness and how we can prevent it. Preventing Homelessness in America. (n. d. ) Retrieved August 12, 2011, from Solutions for America website http://www. solutionsforamerica. org/thrivingneigh/homelessness. html. The article talks about the many causes of homelessness and how we can prevent it. Addiction Blog. (2011, January 7). Drug and alcohol abuse and the homeless. It talks about the statistics for drug and alcohol abuse among the How to cite Homelessness Melissa St, Papers

International Education free essay sample

From my Limited exposure It seems that resent attempts to define I. E. Eave had more in common with the education theorists of the past (Erasmus, Interiors) who were soused on enhancing and nurturing shared values rather than with contemporary theorists like Taylor and Melvin who focus more on strategies. Definition problems aside the foremost reason why I think I. E. Can meet the challenges of a global society has to do with technology itself. As discussed in class, there is a tension between national and global education the former educates its citizens to be committed and loyal [citizens] to the nation-state [and] to ones own country'(Gutted, Defining International Education, p. 9), while the latter works to cake students aware that we all inhabit a common planet with common resources, limitations, and problems that need to be tackled with the needs of greater humanity In mind (Ibid, p. 38). In the past there would be very few people who would be able to speak to those greater needs due to the difficulties of connecting people personally involved in and informed about global issues. We will write a custom essay sample on International Education or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page At the same time their national identity can be maintained because the individual can remain in their own country. Our newfound ability to be grounded at home while engaged elsewhere in he world is a powerful step towards reducing the tensions between national and global education. More than that, because the internet is such an inexpensive, immediate and personal medium it allows the average citizen to choose their own global connections and fill in knowledge gaps from sources they trust.For the first time in history global issues and communication are as personal as neighborhood issues and communication have been, making it easier to look for commonalities rather than differences among the earths peoples (ibid, p 35) and harder to see people outside the nation as the other. Besides shrinking the world down to personal proportions while opening it up on a global scale the internet facilitates I. E. Ideas that, in the past, were more theory than reality. An example would be the Erasmus Mobility Project in Europe (mentioned by Beck in her footnotes, p. 5).The idea of the project was that study abroad is so valuable that at least one in ten students should have that experience. Due to the prohibitive cost of study abroad for most people initiatives like this are bound to fail. But with todays technologies students can easily study abroad and/or work collaboratively with others. A great example of this is the International School of the Americas in San Antonio, Tx. : recognizing that graduates need to know how to work with colleagues from other cultures they organized a program in which Juniors carry out a collaborative biology project with students from a sister school in Japan.Much of the work is done face-to- face by means of video-conferencing. Another project allows students to learn a foreign language, in real time, with native speakers of that language and in return teach them theirs. Not only does this reinforce language skills on both sides it also provides insights into how persons from other cultures often view the world quite differently than we do which, in turn, promotes both knowledge of the world and respect for other peoples (Goldman Cash. , n. D. , p. 5).Technology can also address some of the problems with I. E. Beck discovered in her study. Foreign students reported loneliness and high tuition and/or living costs as some of their biggest concerns (p. 7). As education goes online students wont need to leave their home country because of limited opportunities (Beck, p. 7) because they will be able to access quality education online. This could also help with another problem Beck identified brain-drain, which has negative implications for the sending countries

How Does Crime Affect Society free essay sample

To bring up children Bringing up children Q: There has not yet been any decision made _______ will represent the country at the Olympics. concerned athletes chosen as to which athletes those athletes Q: ______, Shakespeare was also a prolific writer of sonnets. Noting for his plays Famous plays Noted for his plays Q: The Concord, which was ______________ jet, could reach New York from London is approximately 2 and 1/2 hours. fastest in the world the fastest of the world the worlds fastest Q: Scientists _____________ nano-technology capable of computation at the atomic level. newly have developed have recently developed ave still developed Q: ________ is portrayed in Hermann Hesses Steppenwolf. Man searching his soul A man searched his soul A man in search of his soul Q: Despite ____________, Jack continued to lose weight. he increased his food intake increasing food intake increased food intake Q: Singer and entertainer, ____________ for his beautiful and expressive voice. We will write a custom essay sample on How Does Crime Affect Society or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page was Frank Sinatra famous famous was Frank Sinatra Frank Sinatra was famous Q: It is not only important to be on time, __________ courteous when replying to colleagues. but also is it important being but is it also important to be but it is also important to be Q: ______ was this check written? To who Whom To whom Q: Children attending private schools ____________ being slightly spoiled. are often accused of often accused are often accused from Q: Diets based on only one basic food element ____________ no diet at all. can be as ineffective than can be as ineffective as can be so ineffective than Q: _________ that James Franklin made his stunning debut. It was Lions It was in Lions Lions it was Q: Considering human history, it ______________ using mass communications. has recently been that man is only recently that man has begun only recently is that man has begun Q: That test was _________________ . such difficult that I almost failed as difficult that I almost failed so difficult that I almost failed : Within Tuscany ___________ Matthew Spender. is written from was written from was written by Man| My car is broken down. | Woman| Ill pick you up. | Narrator| What does the woman imply? | | | | Shell give the man a ride. | | Shell take the car to a gas station. | | Shell look for a new car. | | Shell ask for help. | Woman| Looks like its going to be a nice day. | Man| Yes, its about time. Spring is just around the corner. | Narrator| What does the man imply? | | | | | Spring will come soon. | | He likes nice days. | | He cant wait until spring is here. | | Its about time for the weather to change. | Man| Can you believe the science project is due in two days? | Woman| That cant be so. | Narrator| What does the woman mean? | | | | | | She cares for the science project. | | She doesnt know how to complete the project. | | She cant believe the wor k is due so soon. | | She doesnt like kidding. | Man| Todd got the highest grade point average in the biology class. | Woman| No wonder! Hes at the library everyday. | Narrator| What does the woman suggest about Todd? | | | | | He doesnt come to biology class. | | He is studying all the time. | | He loves doing research at the library. | | He doesnt care about his grade point average. | Man| You like tennis so much why not take some lessons? Hmm they start next week. | Woman| How am I going to fit that into such a tight schedule? | Narrator| What does the woman mean? | | | | | | She doesnt think hes a good tennis player. | | She knows tennis will make her fit. | | She has no time to play. | | She wont start taking lessons next week| Woman| Would you mind going grocery shopping with me? Were out of everything. | Man| Id rather not. Cant you go yourself? | Narrator| What does the man mean? | | | | | | He doesnt need food. | | He prefers eating out to grocery shopping. | | He doesnt mind going with her later. | | He wants her to go alone| Man| It looks like theyre getting ready to start the highway project again. | Woman| Im not surprised. | Narrator| What does the woman imply about the project? | | | | | | The projects been going on for some time. | | She seems to need more time to get ready. | | The highway project started not too long ago. | | She wouldnt like to be surprised| Woman| Hes crazy about the comics in the Sunday newspaper.

Leadership Styles Case Study Essays

Leadership Styles Case Study Essays Leadership Styles Case Study Essay Leadership Styles Case Study Essay Leadership Styles Case Study The type of leadership practiced at the NCF was, transactional leadership. â€Å"In Transactional leaders are focused on creating a bargain for individual interests who eventually go their separate ways, rather than the mutual effort of people who are interested in collective interests and have a common purpose† (Manning, 2003, p. 50). The leader at the NCF engages the employees to comply with the values regarding dual relationship by bargaining with them using something they value. The leader at NCF states that dual relationships could be grounds for employee termination thus bargaining with them to comply using their job as the valued thing with the employees. The type of leadership practiced at the SSS was, transformational leadership. â€Å"Transformational leadership focuses on engaging people through relationship; leaders and constituents, through the pursuit of goals, raise each other to higher levels of motivation and morality. This engagement is directed toward achieving a particular end or purpose, but the process of working toward the purpose also has the potential to achieve individual ends as well† (Manning, 2003, p. 52). The leader at the SSS holds at meeting to discuss organization’s role and purpose in the community, and what he learned at the conference. The leader at the SSS then engages the employees by asking for their input and participation in overcoming obstacles. The leadership style I would recommend for a human service organization is the transformational leadership style. â€Å"The values relevant to transformation are what Burns (1978) refers to as â€Å"end-values. † They include liberty, justice, equality, peace, and humanitarianism. These values appeal to a collective purpose: the common good;† which relates more closely the values of today’s human service organizations. References Manning, S. S. (2003). Ethical leadership in human services. Boston: Allyn and Bacon

The pro and con of abortion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The pro and con of abortion - Essay Example Their philosophical approach offers an insight into the fundamentals of life. At the center of their reasoning is the concept of a person and moral obligation towards life in respect of abortion. Critical evaluation of Peter Simpson viewpoint on abortion emphasizes opposition and paints the act as horrific and unjustifiable. In the opinion of Simpson, abortion contravenes the fundamental law of nature which upholds sanctity of life. He asserts that fetus is a person and not an organ. In the context of biology, fetus is a person and not an organ which forms part of being. In that respect, procurement of abortion is outright elimination of a person which is morally unacceptable (Simpson, 1998). It is therefore obvious that Simpson is against abortion at all costs. The right to life should prevail over any other form of human action and legal structures that govern the society. In his view, Simpson asserts the supremacy of natural law over man-made constitution. In support of his idea, Simpson explains the relationship between mother and the unborn as giver of life to gift. In that respect, the mother should protect the unborn at all costs hence outright declaration of murder f or any attempted or successful abortion. The state law should therefore act within the natural laws which note the fetus as a person with the right to life. Legal provisions that present abortion as alternatives of protecting the life of the mother are tantamount to portraying attacker to victim relation between mother and the unborn. The law should therefore not be corrupted to portray fetus as a threat to mother’s life as this would promote justification of the vice. Simpson argues that even if human laws emphasize illegality of abortion, moral obligation and adherence to natural law that disrepute the act is key in guiding behavior (Simpson, 1998). On the other side of the argument, Mary Ann offers an

Migrant labor and unions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Migrant labor and unions - Essay Example ding housing, transportation, bathing facilities, wages comparable to those of American laborers, and contracts written in Spanish; (US Government, p 1760) discrepancies between the guaranteed protections and actual treatment were, unfortunately, the norm. Many Mexican workers found themselves working in sub-standard conditions, and often faced hostility from the local population. Still, they were supposed to pay well by Mexican standards, and so many took the risk of winding up in lousy contracts. Important for our purposes is the way the Bracero program managed to establish the kind of circular migration pattern still a part of now mostly illegal Mexican migrant work: workers would come to the US for some time, return to Mexico during the off season, and then come back to the US to make more money with the next crop. It also established a history of broken promises to migrant workers on the part of farm labor employers, and minimal repercussion on those who would take advantage of migrant laborers. In the late 1960s, the Bracero program and all of its extensions and revised forms officially ended, but migration by Mexican workers north in search of agricultural did not. Today, many come for similar reasons as those who came generations ago. Not much has changed since the early half of the twentieth century concerning the motivations for workers to migrate: â€Å"Conditions in Mexico were much the same then as they are now—politically and economically unstable with a corrupt government and massive unemployment... Farmers and peasants tied to Mexico’s feudal economic system flocked by the thousands for a chance to travel to El Norte where work and a new life could be found†. (Bedolla) In the initial stages of the Bracero program, employers were responsible for transporting temporary workers to and from their home location in Mexico. When the program ended, many found that plenty of Mexican workers would make the trip themselves, often suffering

Deaf community Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Deaf community - Essay Example They usually feel that they are primarily a linguistic minority and are not in any need of healing for their situations than are other minority groups such as Hispanics and Haitians. The Deaf community has got social values and norms specific to their society, which are passed down from one generation to another and recruits its members in an exclusive style. Generally, human culture within Deaf community is passed down from one family to another. Since 90% of all deaf children have got two hearing parents, it’s only a minority of Deaf community members that obtain their distinctive social skills and cultural identity at their homes. Most children who are deaf learn about deaf culture, mostly from other children, in schools for the Deaf, dormitory leaders and teachers. The Deaf community is very cohesive and nonetheless their cultural link is also very strong and usually a high percentage of the members, around 90% do marry within the group. Made up of individuals using the American Sign Language, as their basic way of communication, members of the Deaf community have over their history of 150 years expanded a wealthy folklore and social life. Through the ir very own individual efforts to cater for their own wants, Deaf individuals have been able to organize national wide and international networks of religious, social, athletic scholarly, literary and dramatic organizations catering for local, national and international memberships. For instance, every other four years, the World Games for Deaf, that is (the Deaf Olympics) do coalesce athletes who are deaf from several countries for competition of international awards. There are other Deaf Organizations through which the Deaf community has impacted the society; Gallaudet University-is the world’s leader in career development and liberal education for the deaf and other students hard of hearing. The university is

Charge of Assault Occasioning Actual Bodily Harm (ABH)

Charge of Assault Occasioning Actual Bodily Harm (ABH) This case requires us to consider whether Harry should be charged with assault occasioning actual bodily harm (ABH) in view of the guidance contained within the Code for Crown Prosecutors.  Ã‚   The Code lays down the principles which the Crown Prosecution Service (CPS) apply when deciding whether to prosecute and any decision is taken in accordance with the Full Code Test (FCT) detailed in section 4. The first stage of the FCT is the Evidential Stage.   The CPS must be satisfied that there is sufficient evidence to provide a realistic prospect of conviction and will consider the admissibility and reliability of the evidence.   Here consideration is given to whether the evidence has been obtained in breach of the Police and Criminal Evidence Act (PACE) 1984, whether it may be excluded under sections 76 and/or 78 and whether it is admissible under Part 11 of Criminal Justice Act 2003.   There is nothing to suggest the evidence is inadmissible under these provisions. Next the reliability, credibility and weight of the evidence must be considered.   Harrys evidence does not give rise to any significant concerns in relation to reliability and/or credibility. He has no previous convictions, is generally well liked and has been provided a good reference by his tutor. Furthermore, the nightclub is described as crowded and while it is unclear whether this description relates to the nightclub in general or at the time of the incident, it lends credibility to Harrys assertion Rob was accidently jostled. Robs evidence is supported by three witness statements which suggests his evidence is also reliable and credible.   However, it would be prudent to consider the relationships between Harry, Chloe and Rob and the role, if any, these may have played in his reporting of the incident. In terms of Chloes evidence, it is not clear how far away from the incident she was or how she came to have an unobstructed view while another witness had his view obscured by other nightclub users. Additionally, while her identification evidence is given increased weight because Harry and Rob are known to her, it is possible her relationship with both men provides a motive for misrepresenting the incident, raising doubts as to the reliability of her evidence. Anitas identification evidence is problematic as her eyesight is poor and she was not wearing her glasses on the evening when the incident took place; raising serious concern about the reliability of her identification evidence. However, these concerns may be mitigated depending on how close she was to the incident, whether she knew Harry and Rob and if she was wearing contact lenses. Devs statement does not give rise to any significant concerns about reliability or credibility. However, it is unclear how Dev could positively identify both men and his statement may suggest the nightclub was crowded giving credence to Harrys assertion that Rob was accidently jostled. Considering the evidence collectively, the Evidential Stage does not appear to be met as it gives rise to reasonable doubt which lessens the prospect of conviction.   Harrys is likely to be considered a reliable witness and his explanation of the incident is plausible.   The witness statements are not sufficiently robust and while witnesses claim to have seen Harry push Rob they have not provide a clear link between Harry pushing Rob and Rob falling and injuring his hand.   Furthermore, it is not clear from the evidence whether the incident and/or witnesses perceptions were affected by their relationship to one another, lighting and/or the consumption of alcohol. The CPS can only move onto the Public Interest Stage of the FCT if the Evidential Stage is satisfied.   Despite the Evidential Stage not having been satisfied the Public Interest Stage will be applied and the importance of each factor contained within section 4.12 of the Code will be considered. ABH is a serious criminal offence. From the evidence, it appears the assault was neither premeditated nor sustained.   No weapon was used and there is no evidence to suggest the suspect intended to cause injury.  Ã‚   Furthermore, Harry has no prior convictions and is of previous good character; therefore, further offending is unlikely.  Ã‚   While the offence is considered serious these factors mitigate his culpability and weigh against prosecution. It does not appear that a position of trust or authority exists between Harry and Rob.   Neither does it appear the attack was discriminatory in nature.   However, it is not clear whether Rob is vulnerable and/or a public servant and does not provide an insight into the impact the assault and/or injuries had on him. In terms of harm caused, the definition of harm is quite wide but in the context of the offence can include injuries which are not especially serious such as minor cuts and scratches. Therefore, Rob suffered injuries which are serious in the context of the offence.   While the harm caused weighs in favour of prosecution it is difficult to consider whether this is appropriate under section s4.12(c) because the circumstance of Rob are unknown. Harry is a university student; therefore, it is reasonable to conclude he is over the age of eighteen.   His age is unlikely to be weighed against prosecution under section s4.12(d). In the absence of a Community Impact Statement it is difficult to assess the effect on the community under s4.12(e).  Ã‚   The assault was not violent or sustained and the suspect is unlikely to re-offend therefore the long-term effect can be assessed as minimal and prosecution may be perceived by the community as excessive.  Ã‚   Conversely, a decision not to prosecute may undermine the confidence of the community and victim in the criminal justice system. The maximum sentence for ABH is five years although in this case it is unlikely Harry will receive a prison sentence and a nominal penalty is expected to be imposed.   Furthermore, conviction may have serious implications for Harry depending on his area of study. Therefore, prosecution may be considered excessive under s4.12(f) given the cost of proceeding to court, the nominal penalty likely to be imposed, and the disproportionate long term effect on Harry. Had the case passed the Evidential Stage and proceeded to the Public Interest Stage more information should be sought on the circumstances of Rob and impact the offending had on the community.   On the face of it however, prosecution does not appear to be in the publics best interest. Applying the Code to the facts of this case the Evidential Stage is not sufficiently satisfied and Harry should not be charged with ABH. In his articles Stop and Search and Police Legitimacy: Part 1 and Stop and Search and Police Legitimacy: Part 2 Neil Parpworth makes a compelling argument for the inclusion of elements of the voluntary Best Use of Stop and Search (BUSS) scheme into statute.   Parpworth considers that while the BUSS scheme promised greater transparency, community involvement and improved stop and search outcomes, delivered by intelligence led approaches and increased monitoring, the report PEEL: Police legitimacy 2015 published by Her Majestys Inspectorate of Constabulary (HMIC) reveals that forces around the country are failing to comply with the scheme.   Parpworth reasons that membership of the voluntary scheme has not driven the desired change and the lack of compliance highlights the need for primary legislation. While intelligence led stop and search is an important police tool, Parpworth argues that the PEEL report reveals a concerning lack of commitment from Chief Constables in terms of ensuring the BUSS scheme is implemented effectively and search powers used legitimately.   Chief Constables play a pivotal role in terms of the internal scrutiny of stop and search yet their leadership in this area was found to be inconsistent.   While some forces had made efforts to ensure the scheme was communicated effectively and its importance recognised, others had made little attempt to communicate the scheme and promote its value.   Parpworth asserts this reluctance to advocate and communicate the importance of the scheme ultimately devalues it, reducing its prospects of success.   This he claims is demonstrated by the perception among officers that the stop and search function operates effectively without the need for additional canons and greater scrutiny. Under section 3 of the PACE 1984 officers are required to record each time they use their stop and search powers; this record should include grounds for the stop and search and show that those grounds were reasonable.   This provision, as Parpworth explains, is reinforced by the BUSS scheme which requires forces record outcomes and publish data about the connection between each search and outcome.   Parpworth argues that while these provisions aim to establish how frequently reasonable grounds were proven to be accurate, PEEL highlights that reasonable suspicion is frequently absent in many instances.   He suggests this indicates the concept of reasonable suspicion is interpreted widely by police officers in practice and that there are marked differences in interpretation between forces.   Moreover, Parpworth expresses concern over searches which were made on the basis that the police officer smelled cannabis. Parpworth suggests that while this is sufficient grounds to justif y a search it is subjective and may provide a convenient way of meeting the statutory requirement for reasonable suspicion, possibly lending itself to an abuse of the stop and search power.  Ã‚   Parpworth also expresses concern that in cases where reasonable suspicion was found to be absent supervisors had endorsed the records of their subordinates.   He suggests this indicates either a lack of understanding at senior level as to what constitutes reasonable suspicion or a failure to exercise due diligence.   Despite the BUSS requirement that the link between stop and outcome be recorded Parpworth interprets the lack of reasonable suspicion as evidence police forces are not monitoring the use of their powers effectively. Equally, while the BUSS scheme aimed to improve the stop to arrest ratio, Parpworth explains that the rates remain relatively low.   Despite HMIC holding the view arrest rates are a misleading measure of success Parpworth explains HMIC do acknowledge the low stop to arrest ratio suggests the power is being used ineffectively. While Parpworth acknowledges that since the scheme has been in place the disproportionate impact on black, Asian and minority ethnic (BAME) groups has decreased.   He goes on to explain that the PEEL report suggests some forces continue to exercise their powers of stop and search on stereotypical assumptions rather than intelligence or reasonable suspicion.  Ã‚  Ã‚   Parpworth explains that one of the principle reasons for the scheme is to encourage better relationships between the police and the racially diverse communities they serve.   Nevertheless, some police forces could not explain the reason why particular BAME groups had been stopped more often than others despite the provisions within the BUSS scheme.  Ã‚   Parpworth argues that this disproportionality damages the relationship between the police and community and undermines the legitimacy of the police.  Ã‚   Parpworth questions how, if forces are failing to monitor the impact of stop and search on BAME groups, po lice-community relations can improve. Parpworth concludes that despite all forces voluntarily signing up to the scheme when it was launched by the Government in 2014 only eleven forces were found to be fully compliant when assessed in 2015.   Furthermore, thirteen forces were found to be non-compliant with three or more of the five aspects of the scheme and were immediately suspended.   Parpworth suggests the scheme has failed to achieve its intended purpose and that converting elements of the voluntary scheme into statute will compel forces to observe key features of the scheme which should lead to better use of the stop and search power. The IRAC method helped me structure my answer by providing me with a comprehensive analysis framework.   I began by reviewing the facts so I could identify the issue e.g. whether the Evidential Stage had been met.   Then I considered what legal rules applied to the issues I had identified e.g. PACE 1984 and the Code of Crown Prosecutors.   Next I took the legal rules and applied them to the issues I had identified focusing on the facts relevant to the questions to reach the conclusion that the Evidential Stage had not been met.

Philosophy of Education Essay -- Philosophy of Teaching Teachers Essay

Philosophy of Education Everyone has their own personal views on philosophy and they also have their own educational goals, myself included. Over the course of this paper I will discuss my views on philosophy and my educational goals. Furthermore I will address the nature of students; the nature of knowledge; the purpose of public education; my methods of teaching; and finally the curricular areas that I feel are the most important. First I shall discuss the nature of students. Much like Rousseau, I believe humans are born naturally innocent and are largely shaped by the environment, they are also partially shaped by nature. Every single person has the ability to learn. Nature and nurture determine how much they can learn and how well they learn it. Some people are born or develop certain mental/physical handicaps that give them great difficulties in learning mental and physical skills. On the other hand some individuals sometimes referred to as child prodigies learn with great ease. Neither should be ignored, and both should be allowed to live to their fullest potential, while giving others the same equal opportunity. Not one individual should be treated less or better than another should. However if someone needs extra assistance in learning, they should receive it in full. Students are also greatly shaped by their environment. Their families teach them basic skills and moral lessons as soon or before they can comprehend them. During school age, different subjects can shape a student’s life. For example a child who finds math very easy compared to the rest of their subjects may find a job as a mathematician later on in their life. While a child who finds math extrem... ... important are every day skills such as typing, home economics, computer use, etc. Now that I have addressed my full educational philosophy statement, I will now canvass my professional development plans. First of all I hope that I have the money and grades to further my education in graduate school. Everybody tells me to get as much education as you possibly can. Anybody can agree with the fact that if you put seven years of college into your life, you will more than likely not work a dead end job. I can not say if I will join any professional groups right now, because I do not know anything about them. More than likely I will, but I need to know more about them first. In conclusion, I hope you find my views on philosophy acceptable, and if not, do not worry I still have plenty of time to find out the do’s and don’ts of education.

Historical Development of Nursing Timeline Essay

The science of nursing has come a long way since the days of when the art of nursing was passed on to other nurses through education of skills and tasks. Through the development of nursing theories, the science of nursing has changed and grown. Nursing theories were developed to help standardize care and to help create a base of knowledge so that nursing would be recognized as a profession. There have been many theorists who have played an integral part in the growth of the profession of nursing, which include, Florence Nightingale, Hildegard Peplau, Virginia Henderson, Dorothea Orem, and Jean Watson to name a few. As theories developed, it helped to shape nursing as a profession as well. As the profession continued to evolve and grow, it received many influences from other disciplines as well, such as philosophy, social science, religion, education, and anthropology. The history of nursing began with Florence Nightingale and the way she viewed nursing and nurses. She was a pioneer f or nursing theories. According to George (2011), Nightingale created the first theory, which was created in 1859 by her book Notes on Nursing, by understanding how the environment of the patient and their health were affected by that environment. She believed that the environment was important for people to heal, and that manipulation of that environment was important. George (2011), states that Nightingale focused on people’s nutrition, the proper way to dispose of sewage, and how the lighting and ventilation would help people. This was just the beginning of how theories began. For many decades, Nightingale’s theory guided nursing practice. Not until the 1950s at the Columbia University, where the students there were developing nursing theories, was there a shift in nursing theories. Some of the theorists during this time were Peplau, Henderson, Hall, and Abdellah. According to George (2011), many of the  theories of this time were based on the biomedical model, and were focused on what the nurse and what they do. This sparked the need to have nurses more highly educated. This also led to the next wave of nursing education. Alligood (2014) states that towards the 1950s the diploma nurse began to phase out and that more nursing programs were opening in colleges and universities, which had more research and curriculum focus. By having higher educated nurses, it showed that research became the way to increase nursing knowledge. The 1960s continued to demonstrate how nursing theories were changing. According to George (2011), the nurse and patient relationship became more the focus of theoretical thinking as opposed to the problem and need of the patient way of thinking. George (2011) also states that the same theorists from the 1950s that were developing theories went to Yale school to become staff there. This decade also showed a change in the education of nursing. George (2011) continues on to state that the American Nurses Association recommended that there be two levels of education, the baccalaureate level, and the associate level nurses. During this decade the theorists to note were, Henderson, Orlando, and Wiedenbach. According to George (2011), Henderson â€Å"defined nursing as doing for others what they lack the strength, will, or knowledge to do for themselves† (p. 25). This shows how nursing began, and continues today. Walker and Avant (2011) state that Orlando and Widenbach’s theories focused on the nurse-patient relationship. In the next decade, according to George (2011), is when many nursing theories were presented and revised, and that this is when the National League for Nursing first implemented the requirement for nursing schools to have conceptual framework to be even accredited. Alligood (2014) states that this decade is when doctoral degrees for nurses should actually be in nursing. Rogers, Orem, and Watson are some of the theorists that contributed to the science of nursing in this decade. According to George (2011), Rogers believed that a person and the environment are integral to each other, and the person is seen as the whole instead of the collection of the parts. George (2011) states that Orem had identified three areas of self-deficit in patients and that nursing were able to provide fully, partially, or supportive in the three areas that the patient needed. Lastly George (2011) describes Watson’s theory and how nursing is viewed as taking care of people through science. The 1980s and 1990s continued to show growth and development of nursing theories. Many of the theories of the 1980s were being revised. According to George (2011) in the 1990s is when middle theories began to guide nursing and the introduction of evidence-based practice. This paved the way to how research helps to guide nursing in the science. Nursing has grown since Nightingale first introduced her theory. It has evolved from an art and discipline, into a science and a profession. Barrett (2002) states that the best efforts toward discovering the truth, best represents science and scientific knowledge, and that it is evolving, subject to revision, is open-ended, and creates changes in ideas. Barrett (2002) goes on to state, â€Å"research is how we create science.† This goes to show that nursing is a profession, in that nursing is in a constant state of research and using that research to create better outcomes. According to Barrett (2002), the knowledge that is gained for nursing science is done through nursing research. Alligood (2014) states that in order for new knowledge to be obtained in nursing, it is paramount that theories and research continue to be important. It is through the continuous creation and revision of theories, and evidence through research that continue to shape nursing as a profession. The nursing profession is one that draws many influences from other disciplines as well, such as philosophy, religion, education, anthropology, the social sciences and psychology. Nurses use philosophy almost on a daily basis, the quest for more wisdom. The nurse’s desire to want to understand patients and how their environment, social interactions, and choices affect their health. Wanting to understand more and grow nursing, theorist use the basis of philosophy to gain more knowledge. Religion is another influence in nursing that allows nurses to connect with patients on a spiritual level and to help guide ethical choices and to be a patient advocate. Nursing places nurses in the lifelong student position as well. It is a profession where education is continuous, and it allows nurses to become educators as well. Anthropology and nursing are intertwined and have much in common due to both fields focus on the health and illness of human beings (DeSantis, 1994). Nursing is influenced by social science and psychology as well. It is through social science that  nurses can deliver culturally competent care, from the understanding of people and society. Psychology helps guide nurses in to better understanding the human psyche, and how the mind and behavior affect people and their health. The nursing profession has grown since Nightingale first introduced her theory. Since then, nursing theorist have been working on providing evidence-based practice to help guide the profession of nursing through research and studies. It is through the creation of these theories that helped pave the way for nursing science to become a profession. In addition, the influence of the many different sciences and their disciplines also contributed to the science of nursing. References Alligood, M. R. (2014). Nursing theory: Utilization & application. Maryland Heights, MO: Mosby-Elsevier. Barrett, E. A. (2002). What is nursing science? Nursing Science Quarterly, 15(1), 51-60. DeSantis, L. (1994). Making anthropology clinically relevant to nursing care. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 20(0), 707-715. George, J. B. (2011). Nursing theories the base for professional nursing practice (6th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson. Karnick, P. M. (2014). The elusive profession called nursing. Nursing Science Quarterly, 27(4), 292-293. doi:10.1177/0894318414546422 Walker, L. O., & Avant, K. C. (2011). Strategies for theory construction in nursing (5th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.

Narrative Essay Topic Ideas

Narrative Essay Topic Ideas Even if writing academic papers has never been a problem to you, you may be puzzled when you are assigned to write a narrative essay. What is difficult about this assignment is creating effective narrative essay topic ideas. However, what makes it quite easy is that you do not need to conduct a research before you can start writing. If creative writing has never been your passion, and you want a professional writer do the work for you, contact our company to get qualified assistance. Our experts produce all kinds of academic papers, including stories. So, what you need to do is to give us your teacher’s requirements and specify the deadline. You will receive your story online, so your grade and your reputation will be safe. Where to look for good narrative essay topic ideas? It is more likely that you will find them in your memories. Just give yourself enough time to think. Your experience is unique, so if you have enough time to browse your memories, you will surely recollect some events from your past which you will be able to present in an interesting form. For example, you can tell a story from your early childhood years. Were there any interesting and memorable moments in class? Tell about the present you received for Christmas, which you have been dreaming about. Tell about the journey to a distant place which left a mark in your memory. Your family or even pets can give you inspiration you are looking for. Each of us has interesting stories to tell about our cats, dogs and other animals. Tell about your friends, with whom you have shared many bright moments of your life. Some ideas can be offered to you not only by your personal experience, but by some global events, too, such as September 11 or Japanese Earthquake of 2011. Which style to use? After you have invented narrative essay topic ideas, start writing. Many students are wondering, which style and tone are allowable for this assignment. In fact, you can use any style you like. You can fill your paper with humor, or, on the contrary, sound serious and solemn. Just check that you are consistent and do not shock the reader with unexpected transitions from cheerful mood to sadness and back. It is important to remember that no matter what tone of narration you would choose, your work is still an academic paper. That means correct word usage, grammar and punctuation are crucial for your success. After your paper is ready, check it at least a couple of times to eliminate the errors.

Qantas Airways Dual Brand Strategy

Qantas Airways Dual Brand Strategy The Dual Brand Strategy by Qantas Airways to create low cost carrier JetStar airways Introduction Qantas airways Limited is the national carrier for Australia with its headquarters located in Sydney. The main hub of the carrier is at Sydney airport. It is well known for being the largest in Australia as well as being the oldest to have continuously operated in the world. Qantas operates Jetstar, a low cost carrier which has proven to be a great success. The airline has succeeded in the operation of this two differing airline brands which have been termed to be very strong yet very distinct.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Qantas Airways Dual Brand Strategy specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Qantas is among the worlds most prominent full service airlines. Having operated for over 90 years now, it has been grossly profitable and also has been growing at good rate with improvements on its premium standards in its product s and also services. At the same time Jetstar has grown over the few years and has been in operation from domestic flights in Australia to flights within intra-Asia and now across the Asia pacific. The airline has been garnering a lot of profit and it is also among the best low cost airlines in the world (Jetstar Airways 2006). Strategies The main competitor of Qantas domestically is virgin blue with its brand of â€Å"a new world carrier†. The chief advantage of Qantas is that it has been able to meet the needs of its entire customer base in a profitable manner. The main reason as to why the airline decided to engage in the dual band strategy varies in aspects. Australian aviation industry is the most liberalized in the world today. Some airlines started the low cost airline business earlier on in the year 2000. The companies in this case are virgin blue and impulse. This was after other entrants had tried to get into the market prior to them. This called for a dire need to protect the position of the company in the market, such that it could be able to maintain a competitive position in the market. This was fallowed by the acquiring of Impulse just before it was declared bankrupt, thus having an upper hand over the competitors. After the collapse of Ansett and the halting of international travel owing to the September 11th attacks, the company increased its domestic base and the customer number increased as well. At this time, the competitors being still small and the market share being so large, maintenance of the domestic share proved a bit expensive to Qantas thus the need to go low cost came into the limelight. Jetstar came up to compete with Qantas in low cost routes that would also have an impact on the profits of Qantas. The biggest issue was to surpass the notion that this was bound to fail, as it had been so in other prior competitors.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first p aper with 15% OFF Learn More In the company’s strategy, Jetstar was based on principles which were learnt from the past failures of the other carriers. In the first place, the airline was bound to have different industrial arrangements and management of operations. In this way, the operation of the airline was veered off the full service boards. This was supposed to be a totally low cost carrier and not a bridge between the two, as was the case of Australian airlines. At this stage, the company went ahead to introduce a domestic price which was 15% less than that of virgin blue and an international price 20% less than the cheapest competitor (Gregg 2007). Efficiency in this case was enhanced through the simplification of products and overheads through the use of overheads and also products. Structures in the workplace were established which would be able to suit the operation of the new carrier. These structures were on the industrial relations, pilot rates an d also the hiring basis of the employees. The other strategy was optimization of the group returns other than a collaboration of the two airlines. In this case, there was maintenance of the group oversight of both airlines and a subsequent network of the two which would in turn optimize the group returns. To avoid the low cost airline interfering with the parent airline, a special committee was established to coordinate the operations of the former. If there were to be any differences in the opinions of the two airlines, the subject was left to the top individuals. The competition between the two airlines has give place for the two airlines to be responsible for setting of their prices based on their own grounds (Rochfort 2009). Another strategy was a continued investment on products and services. Qantas being the core of the group has been vested with much interest having successfully been ranked among the best airlines in the world. It thus has been continuously supported with cre dible investment on quality of service to the personnel. This has made the airline to enjoy over 50 percent of the domestic market share, and has an upper hand over its competitor, virgin blue, by surpassing it with over 35 percent premiums. In the international field, the strategy has worked well in that it was able to make a good start by making over $3 million within the first few months. This has though been met with opposition by those who see it as a way of demeaning conditions posed by Qantas (Simpliflying 2010).Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Qantas Airways Dual Brand Strategy specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Challenges At the same time, the company has faced some challenges in the market. A new company, Tiger has emerged, virgin has adjusted its product and made new introductions, more low cost models which are long haul are emerging, privatization of airports and expansion of hub carriers. This can only be controlled by being flexible like transitioning some routes to a lower cost, switching domestic and also the international capacity and being completely low fare through Jetstar (Warne 2006). Risks Some of the risks that the company is bound to encounter include the prospective low earnings. This is mainly due to the uncertainty in the cost of fuel and also an increase in the capital expenditure. This however has been supported by the dual system and the strength in the liquidity of the company which keeps it with an upper hand as compared to its chief competitors. The other risk is the increase in competition from some of the key routes. The timing of its recovery is also uncertain, thus making it more risky. The effective deployment of Jetstar to some of the New Zealand and Japan routes go hand in hand with the maintenance of its risk profile. This gives it the advantage of having maximum profits in cyclic lows. This has been effective in the way Jetstar has grown to be a leadi ng flight in these leisure routes (Standards and Poor’s 2010). Importance of Jetstar The focus on Jetstar is more important in that it has and will help the company to maintain its lead in the market shares, both in the domestic and in the international arena. This will enhance an effective competition in cost and thus the Asian leisure travel will have overly grown. With this factor being successful as it is deemed to be, earnings for Qantas will improve in the near term which will be advantageous to it in case the business travel remains stagnant. References Gregg, P. (2007) World Low Cost Airline Congress 2007. Available at: qantas.com.au/infodetail/about/investors/worldLowCostAirlineC ongress2007.pdf. Jetstar Airways (2006) Jetstar move to single brand and distribution approach to support growth in Asia. Available at: jetstar.com/pdf/news/20060726d.pdf. Rochfort, S. (2009) Qantas revs up Jetstar expansion. Available at: smh.com.au/business/qantas-revs-up-jetstar-expansio n- 20091125-jrsr.html. Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Simpliflying (2010) Australia’s Qantas Airways – the world’s most agile airline brand? Available at: http://simpliflying.com/2010/australias-qantas-airways-the-worlds-most-agile-airline-brand/ Standards and Poor’s (2010) Qantas Airways Ltd. Available at: standardandpoors.com/ratings/articles/en/us/?assetID=124519 3628501. Warne, D. (2006) Qantas to finally offer inflight broadband. Available at: http://apcmag.com/qantas_to_finally_offer_inflight_broadband.htm.

Influence of modern music on teenagers Research Paper

Influence of modern music on teenagers - Research Paper Example Music has played an important role in the socialization of teenagers. Modern music is present everywhere. The music can be accessed on radios, televisions, Internet, and new technologies and in various recordings. Music has positive effects on social interactions, schoolwork, mood and particularly behaviour.On the other hand, the effects of modern music to teenagers is of paramount concern. Modern music lyrics have become explicit in areas of sex, violence and drugs mostly in particular music genres. Children preference to certain music type may be associated with specific behaviours.Modern music with videos has exposure to sexual messages, substance abuse, violence that might generate significant changes in attitude and behaviors of the teenagers (Cox 2004). Choice of music, interpretation and reactions to teenagers will vary from culture, age and ethnicity. Research has also shown that music will also vary with gender. Parents and other stakeholders have a big role to play in ensuring that their children are exposed to the types of music that will not promote immorality in them. The parents should control and monitor what their kids watch (Kirsh

Criminal law in UK , problem quastion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Criminal law in UK , problem quastion - Essay Example will also be a discussion in relation to the administration of the overdose of painkillers in a situation where the patient has been diagnosed with a terminal illness, and whether the outcome would be any different if the overdose had been administered by the nurse instead of the doctor. This will require a discussion in relation to whether the nurse would have been aware that the higher dosage would cause the death of the patient. As the doctor is more likely to be higher qualified than a nurse, a greater degree of care would be expected of the doctor. Having considered all of the above, it should then be possible to determine the liability of each of the parties. The actus reus of an offence refers to the act of the accused, which, when combined with either the recklessness or intention of the accused causes the crime to be committed. For each crime, the actus reus of the offence will alter. For murder, the actus reus would be the direct act of the accused that caused the death of the victim. This means that the actus reus of an offence is the external element of the crime. The mens rea of a crime is the fault element of the offence and translates as the ‘guilty mind’. When a man of sound memory and of the age of discretion, unlawfully killeth within any country of the realm any reasonable creature in rerum natura under the Kings Peace, with malice aforethought, so as the party wounded, or hurt†¦, die of the wound or hurt, †¦ within a year and a day after the same1. Through legislative changes2 and case law precedents 3 the element of malice aforethought has now been restricted to narrower terms4. Prior to these changes, the courts needed to be convinced that an element of ill will or premeditation existed in order to find a defendant guilty. Since the changes the prosecution now only needs to prove that an intention to kill5 or an intention to cause grievous bodily harm6 existed. The wording of the Criminal Justice Act 2003 has also altered the level

The Color Purple Annotated Bibliography Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Color Purple - Annotated Bibliography Example The paper has been useful in understanding theological aspects of life and how people are confused between being loyal to God and taking actions to free themselves from the bondage. The information there in was very reliable and followed practical problems that bedevil many women. The presentation in the book is in particular important in my quest to understand the theology and how people may misunderstand praising God. The book has been very resourceful in the research about theology of believing and acting toward our own wellness. The novel has been helpful in new understanding of God This book is very explorative in world of theology and based on the female gender. It tries to explain how women are very religious especially when it comes to problems in their matrimonial homes. It compares women in two receiving ends of life: those who were happy in life and those in troubles. The two groups were then critically analyzed in the way they believe in God. In the assessment and evaluation of the book, it proved to be very resourceful to those with interest in theological aspects. Comparing with other sources in my research the book had an edge over the other because it made a comparative and with clear understanding. The information was very reliable and explorative with no biased in the group that were discussed. The goal of this book was to show that mostly people are drawn closer to God because of problem. The book was relevant in reserch work that involves theology of trusting in God. It fit perfectly well in those with interest in understanding way the poor and those who are in troubles end up being over religious This book explains sources of religious inspiration most of people. It explain why some people embrace nature and believe it to have powers to solves there problems while others believe in God in the heaven. In book, the two groups are depicted as having satisfaction in what

George Orwell, 1984 Essay Example for Free

George Orwell, 1984 Essay The introduction of the novel Nineteen Eighty-Four says it all. It cannot be denied that control is present in the society. A few sentences in the first paragraph: â€Å"On each landing, opposite the lift shaft, the poster with the enormous face gazed from the wall. It was one of those pictures which are so contrived that the eyes follow you about when you move. BIG BROTHER IS WATCHING YOU, the caption beneath it ran (Orwell 2). † How do you feel when you keep being reminded that someone is looking after you? Or, to be more politically correct, having you under surveillance? The introduction of the book is about Winston Smith who gets inside his London apartment. The tone of the introductory sentences is depressing and dark. The living conditions are undeniably squalid. In this part, it was clear that Oceania, Eurasia and Eastasia are the three superpowers that divide the world into pieces. Oceania is where Winston Smith came from (Orwell 1). These superpowers are never in good terms with each other. Because of the wartime conditions that seem constant in the environment and the nature of the countries, the people of Oceania are always repressed. The conditions brought about by war caused the government of Oceania to let its people suffer through repression. The people are always monitored. Surveillance is as common as eating. The party members, however, are not always given enough supply. There is also a private rebellion taking place because the government was no longer humane. In this private rebellion, Winston Smith is a member of the Outer Party. Winston is writing in his diary every single day. Because this decision is crucial, he accepted that what goes with private rebellion is doing some forbidden steps. He has to do forbidden steps because he is serving a party that he did not want to serve (Orwell 2). He buys the diary which was part of the things confiscated during a raid into the proletariats. He meets a young lady outside the shop where he purchased the diary, and he noticed that it is the same girl who keeps on eyeing at him for a few days. Because Winston started feeling that he should be there, and because he felt that the woman was spying on him, he immediately tries to stay away from her (Orwell 2). With this introduction, it clearly shows how totalitarianism has ruled the world. Nineteen Eight-Four is a novel that shows negative utopia. It cannot be denied that totalitarianism was at its most rigid. Totalitarianism was the kind of power used to execute total control of the people (Ellis and Reed, 2008). Orwell had been successful in representing control, in which he introduced through an entity referred to as Big Brother. This has four branches. One is called the Ministry of Love, in which law enforcement is done. The other is called Ministry of Plenty, where economic affairs and issues are handled. The Ministry of Peace is what takes charge of the war taking place in the country and around the world. The Ministry of Truth is the one that manages the dissemination of propaganda. Without the Ministry of Truth, the printed materials and other things needed for administering propaganda won’t be equally distributed. These four ministries make up the government (Ellis and Reed 2). Meanwhile, Winston Smith does not conform to this ideology. This idea is spoon-fed to him, with the concept of Big Brother being used. The government is feeding him with unnecessary things and ideas that he, himself, knows he does not need. Going back to the life of George Orwell, it can be seen that he reflects the character in his novel. George Orwell, like Winston Smith, has the same aesthetic and social characteristics. They both have the same political perceptions. This may be the reason why the novel is undeniably an excellent one, because he could write it as easily as writing his own thoughts, beliefs and feelings. He wrote excellently the representation of control in just simple paragraphs like: â€Å"Behind Winston’s back the voice from the telescreen was still babbling away about pig-iron and the overfulfilment of the Ninth Three-Year Plan. The telescreen received and transmitted simultaneously. Any sound that Winston made, above the level of a very low whisper, would be picked up by it, moreover, so long as he remained within the field of vision which the metal plaque commanded, he could be seen as well as heard (Orwell 8). † In the novel, there was clearly no way of being aware about how an individual is being watched. If an individual had to make a sound, someone will always hear it. If an individual is in the dark, then he or she can be safe. But if it is bright out there, then there is no chance that the movement of the individual is monitored and fully observed (Orwell 8). The practice of control as a way of administering power was done through television surveillance in the novel. Security cameras are everywhere. Just about any spot, a speed camera will be seen. The citizens were disturbed, and especially Winston Smith, because the people were not free and they were no longer happy with their lives of what the government was doing to them. In a more physical point of view, George Orwell wrote the following to give the audience a better picture of how the government, in the novel, had controlled and repressed the people (Ellis and Reed 2). The political perceptions of George Orwell are shown through Winston Smith. Aside from Orwell’s perception of politics, he also showed his disbelief, or skepticism, rather, of mass media, through the character of Winston Smith. It is no surprise that George Orwell was skeptic of the media because he has spent some of his time working for BBC, also known as the British Broadcasting Company. By working for BBC, he was able to see how information was distorted before it is distributed to the public (Ellis and Reed 2). The information they got were not presented as is on television. He was aware as he witnessed how propaganda was distorted. Because of his experience in working for a mass media outfit, he knew that whatever the public was getting from the television, the radio and the newspapers were not at all completely true (Ellis and Reed 2). Other information and important facts were omitted before news is aired. Now, he came up with the novel to let the public know what is happening behind authorities, and how much control is being executed before the public gets what it gets (Ellis and Reed 2). Control, in this novel, is clearly represented because it does not state that control is destroying the society just because it is there. The novel Nineteen Eighty-Four clearly suggests that the government, or the state as a whole, is there to manipulate everything. Individuals in the society are being controlled by the state, and control is employed on the information being released to the public. In the novel, the â€Å"telescreen† is a constant object. The telescreen, in the novel, is a tool for control. Everyone needs to have a telescreen. It is a dominant item in any household in London, especially in Airstrip One, the capital city, which used to be referred to as England. Aside from the telescreen, other ways are used to employ power and a quote from the book is here to show it, â€Å"There will be no love, except the love of BIG BROTHER. There will be no laughter, except the laugh of triumph over a defeated enemy. There will be no art, no literature, no science. There will be no distinction between beauty and ugliness. There will be no curiosity, no enjoyment of the process of life† (Orwell 238). Indeed, the state, just like in today’s society, aims to reshape the minds of the people. Whatever is happening in the novel of George Orwell does not end there. It continues and is widely seen in our society today. Out society, through the television, convert our minds into what the government or the media thinks we should think about. The theories of mass media are there to help us understand that for the media to sell, they need to create something interesting for our eyes. We need to see controversies. With all these, we learn to create our sides. Creating our sides is never pure anymore because even before we learn to form our opinion, the media and the state already manipulates the information given to use. The tools we use to shape our minds when it comes to our thoughts on the elections, the issues on war and terror, and economic crisis, are shaped by a higher power by using control.

Materialism in The Great Gatsby Essay -- Great Gatsby Essays

Materialism may be defined as attention to or emphasis on material objects, needs or considerations, with a disinterest in or rejection of spiritual values. The acquisition of material wealth is often equated with happiness in this country. This is true today, and it was true during the 1920's, the setting of F. Scott Fitzgerald's The Great Gatsby. That the majority of Americans believe that wealth and happiness are the same is a result of our market economy that encourages consumption and conditions us to think that we need material possessions to be happy. According to Andrew Bard Schmookler, "Wealth and human fulfillment have become equated in the predominant ideology of liberal society, even though the great spiritual teachers of humanity have all taught otherwise." (17)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   What happened to Gatsby's generation? The 20's were an age of a consumption ethic that was needed to provide markets for the new commodities that streamed from the production lines (Cowley, 53). The same problem exists today ... our materialistic attitudes are a result of the free market economy in this country. Consumers are taught that they need to have all these things that the businesses are trying to sell.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   It's true that this desire for things is what drives our economy. The free market has given us great blessings, but it has in some ways also put us on the wrong path -- the path to a selfish, unhappy society. Michael Lerner, who worked as a psychotherapist to middle-income Americans notes that    "The problem is that the deprivation of meaning is a social problem, rooted in part in the dynamics of the competitive marketplace, in part in the materialism and selfishness that receive social sanction.... ...sterlin, Richard A. "Does Economic Growth Improve the Human Lot?". Nations and Households in Economic Growth:   Essays in Honor of Moses Abramovitz. Eds. Paul A. David and Melvin W. Reder. New York: Academic Press, Inc. 1974 (89-125) Fitzgerald, F. Scott. The Great Gatsby. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1925. Kasser, Tim, and Richard M. Ryan. "A Dark Side of the American Dream: Correlates of Financial Success as a Central Life Aspiration. " Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 65.2 (1993): 410-13. Lerner, Michael. "Gurus of Cynicism vs. the Politics of Meaning." Houston Chronicle 24 June 1993, 2 star ed.: B11. Montagu, Ashley. Touching.   2nd ed. New York: Harper & Row, 1978. Schmookler, Andrew Bard. "The Insatiable Society: Materialistic Values and Human Needs." The Futurist July 1991: 17-23. J:ofsengclarklcarolyns.doc   

Art vs. Poetry :: essays research papers fc

Could I be an artist? I always thought I had some flare for the arts. I’ve always been considered a creative person. I decided to put my creativity to a different use, however. I opted for a career in helping others get the most out of their careers. Tonight will be my testimony to helping the real artists get recognized. Tonight is Gallery Night.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The weather station did not indicate anything about rain this evening. So, of course, I did not prepare for such a downpour. My lack of preparation has left me with matted, soaking wet hair and my old gym sneakers that I keep in my trunk- rather than the cute brown pumps I started out in that blended perfectly with my skirt. Now, I’m just a mess and look completely unprofessional for Gallery Night. My Public Relations firm has been organizing this event for the past month. Tonight is a big deal. I can’t believe how awful I look for such a high-profile and anticipated night.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Regardless of my appearance, I shook hands, exchanged stories, and matched wits with clients and colleagues all evening. Everyone walked around the room observing the various artistic pieces contributed by numerous â€Å"starting-out† artists. People were being drawn to those certain pieces that caught their immediate attention. One painting that I was fascinated by was vibrantly colored - almost like a comic book. It was a bright red heart with a silver and blue sword piercing it from above. There was a hand clenching the sword’s fore grip. The part of this particular painting that really struck me was the faintly illustrated couple dancing on the blade of the sword, as if the blade were a mirror. Overall, I was amazed at the use of color, defined lines, and emotion that this artist conveyed in his painting. The wall adjacent to me was full of photographs; some were full color, some in sepia, and others black and white. I glanced at this middle-aged woman, dripping in pearls and cashmere, who had one hand on her heart, and the other held her complimentary champagne close to her body as she stared at this one photograph, a black and white photo of a single muddy footprint. I was astounded at how in awe she appeared to be, almost as if she could burst into tears at any moment. I had to know what she saw in this photograph that had her so awestricken.

Independent Learning Essay

Why it is important that I understand what independent learning is? Independent learning is a learning method that can be used as a tool by students to help achieve their final goal. It is important for students to understand what independent learning is particularly when planning on pursuing higher education as they will be expected to use their own initiatives while learning a wide range of materials. However, while this essay is to argue the importance of independent learning, it is also important to note that working and sharing learning methods with and from peers also contributes to success. Independent learning can also be described as a method where students acquire a wide range of knowledge. Factors that contribute to this can be self-motivation, keen interest in specific subjects and ability to recognise the importance of success in life. This type of learning could also give students a chance to self-discover themselves and their individual needs as well as their potential s, strengths and weaknesses. Self-discovery is important in a student life specially while attending higher education as it will put things in perspective for the student and helps to set objectives towards improvements that need to be made. The idea of Independent learning should be encouraged more in schools as it could potentially save teachers time as well as give students flexible and more time to catch up on other work activities. In contrast, Independent learning shouldn’t necessarily be seen as a student just working in his/her own at all times (The Higher education academy, 2013). It should be made possible where a situation of group learning is put in place while at the same time individual goals can be reached independently by the students. Typically this way of learning can help students develop a trustful relationship with their mentor. It could also be a way to let the instructor know that his/her student is able to follow the agreed guidance or the type of help the student may require. This is also a complementary way for students to learn how to conduct a research on a specific topic and present their outcome. As a result, students can gain more depth of knowledge in the area of their interest as well as improve in their written and communication skills. Independent learning is also important in developing as well as improving organizational skills. As students are able to self-direct themselves while learning, they should also be able to plot their own path and value their own work in order to compare  themselves to their peers that are on the same level as them (Michie, 2013). Independent learning could also be seen as a way of preparing in advance for lectures or seminars. This as a result could benefit students. For example, it will allow them to focus on any extra or new materials that are covered in sessions as well as gives them the opportunity to ask questions on what they may not be clear about. Some students may argue that Independent learning don†™t work for them. However, it is up to their teachers or mentors to set some guidance to help students understand the importance. Teachers must be able to meet their students half way. It is important to look into their students’ needs and expectation. They should also allow students to perhaps have a trial session of independent study before expecting them to make a direct transition (The Higher education academy, 2013). Developing the habit of Independent learning early on is vital and becomes handy post-higher education. Many employers like to be assured that potential candidates are able to take their own initiatives in completing tasks and confident in working individually without much supervision. From personal experience, I found that Independent learning has been a great tool towards self-discovery and furthermore helped me challenge myself and continue to do so in day to day life; it gave me self-confidence because I found independent learning as a way and guide that puts new experienc e and learning materials into a more transparent setting. It is fair to say that the obvious life skills such as reading, listening, speaking, viewing and presenting are possible to achieve through Independent learning. However it is also possible to gain other personal skills that we could benefit from on day-to-day basis. For instance our social skills, thinking skills and information presenting skills that are vital in our world today. Most of us are able to use our social skills in order to work with others and contribute to our communities in a positive ways. Valuing the way we think is also very important to help us gain understanding and making good judgment and decisions in life. Finally, as an Independent learner it is easily discovered that information skills gained help us in various ways such as the ability to recognise information when needed, ability to ask relevant questions as well as reflect and evaluate our own learning skills. Independent learning simply deduced is learning that is self-directed. In most higher education institutions particularly at university, independent  learning is presumed to be the driving force behind the teaching-learning process (Moore, 1973, pp. 661–679). Students would be expected to dedicate more time studying on their own to get the most out of their learning experience. Furthermore, exemplifying this belief is the growth and success of institutions solely based on independent learning such as the Open University and other distance learning institutions. Thus it is very important to understand and consider this type of approach towards learning when pursuing higher education. Independent learning is also a great option for adult students who may find it difficult to go back to higher education. In today’s world where online courses are available to suite their flexibility and level makes it easier for them to achieve their goal in their own pace (Ictnz.com, 2013). Independent learning is not just limited to pre-lecture preparations or simply being ahead of one’s peers. Learning via this method could potentially help achieve greater academic and social as well as personal successes. These achievements could be in the forms of new research findings or just improving our personal skills while pursuing our passions at a greater level. Reference Ictnz.com. 2013. What are the sklls of an independent learner? [Online] Available at: http://ictnz.com/Inquiry%20Learning/independent%20learning%20skills.htm [Accessed: 25 Sep 2013]. Michie, J. 2013. What is Independent Learning? [Online] Available at: http://jamesmichie.com/blog/2011/10/what-is-independent-learning/ [Accessed: 24 Sep 2013]. Moore, M. 1973. Toward a theory of independent learning and teaching. The Journal of Higher Education, pp. 661–679. The Higher education academy. 2013. Untitled. [Online] Available at: (http://www.heacademy.ac.uk/resources/detail/internationalisation/isl_independent_learning [Accessed: 26 Sep 2013].