Quality statistics paper Research Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Quality statistics - Research Paper Example Here quality plays a significant role in ensuring the survival of companies in tough competitive businesses by inspecting the existing processes and discovering the new ones. In order to manufacture goods or offer products or services to the customers, companies employ different processes. A process is defined as a collection of interrelated and planned activities carried out to produce goods (products) and services (Oakland, 2008). There are different variations associated with each process due to number of sources and factors. Berger and Hart (1986) highllighted that variations can be inherent to the process due to its nature and are terms as common causes of variation. However, there are variations in process that result from external sources or special causes and are termed as special causes of variation. Since 1920s manufacturing has benefitted from the SPC techniques in its decision making processes (Morestream, 1920). Especially, this is true with the control charts that help to identify if a variation is really present and assist to determine if the actions need to be taken to bring the process back in statistical controls. The strength of the statistical process control techniques is its simplicity and ease in understanding equally at the management and worker level as appreciated by Thompson and Koronacki (2002). Statistical process controls allows objective investigation of the parts or whole of a process that may mask sources of variations that interfere with the level of product quality. If detected, SPC can help to numerically measure the significance of the variations and subject these to correction (Wheeler and Chamber, 2010). Consequently, the controlling of variations would reduce wastes and improve the product quality. It is crucial to understand that not all the SPC techniques are applicable to all scenarios and largely depend on type of the data and the type of the variation under investigation (Czitrom and Spagon, 1997). For example, in th is report we have analyzed the processes of providing the customer support services by an IT Call Center. In this aspect, the major quality issue was the call waiting time i.e., average waiting time during a service call. This is the time when the customer is holding on the phone line and waiting to be connected to any of the customer service representative. Introduction From the conception to design and further to manufacturing of a product, the variations introduced during initial processes become manifold towards the delivery of the product to the customer and severely impact the quality of the product. Oakland (2008) explains that there are two major types of variations in the process; common and special variations. The common variations are generally intrinsic to the process and cannot be eliminated without modifying and even eliminating the process or switching to an entirely new process. On the other hand, special causes are a result of some causes that are identifiable and a ssignable and usually appear in more periodic fashion, thus these can be identified and can be reduced/removed with eliminating the source of variation that does not involve process changes (ASQ, 1920). In an effort to identify the process variation and understand the process behavior, statistical techniques and probabilistic methods would be used for analysis. The analysis would be based on the actual

Cloning (Argument Synthesis) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Cloning (Argument Synthesis) - Essay Example With the advent of Dolly, cloning became the major topic in debates. Liberal scientists suppose that: "cloning gives an opportunity to remake mankind in an image of health, it is the ultimate expression of man's unlimited potential" (Human Reproduction and therapeutic cloning, 2005). In reality, while the cloning of animals, for commercial as well as scientific purposes, is now fairly widespread, the cloning of a developed human being (with predicted dates that regularly recede) has yet to take place. Cloning helps scientists to investigate and understand functions of stem cells and invent new medical treatment methods for such diseases as cancer, diabetes, HIV/AIDS, hemophilia, sickle cell anemia, etc. "Therapeutic cloning will allow them to create organs that are a perfect match for those in need of a transplant" (Human Reproduction and therapeutic cloning, 2005). The use of cloning for therapeutic purposes is important to creating one person solely for the sake of another. Stem cells have a special property - they are undifferentiated. That is to say, stem cells have not taken on the special properties and functions of liver cells, heart cells, skin cells, and so on. But they can become differentiated, and take on these properties. This makes them useful. Stem cells can thus be used to repair organic damage, to recreate parts of the human body that are diseased or malfunctioning. Thus they present people with new therapeutic possibilities, several of which have already been im pressively demonstrated - bone marrow transplants to regenerate a healthy blood system in patients with leukaemia, for instance ('Seeing double: the cloning conundrum' 4). Another argument "for" cloning is that animal cloning is succeed, and it means that the technique of animal cloning becomes far more precise and effective and its extension to human beings very much less likely to go wrong. The cloning of humans is an extension of techniques developed for the cloning of animals, and whereas the cloning of plants is simple, the cloning of animals is not. Nevertheless, the inefficiency argument rests on contingent facts, and it is in the nature of contingent facts that they can change. "If they are successful, engineered stem cells may eventually provide a way of permanently curing most, if not all genetically determined diseases of the blood and circulatory system" (Grace 40). Opponents of cloning state that everything turns on the potential impact, for good or ill, on human beings. The result of cloning is often the creation of animals with radical defects and deformities, many of which emerge only as the animal grows. In short, suffering creatures are brought into existence. For this created suffering, as for suffering inflicted, morally responsible behavior requires a justification. The form of this justification is clear - the suffering is outweighed by the benefits. The main problem with cloning is that results are often unstable. It is not always appreciated that even yet the actual business of producing laboratory generated animals is very much a hit and miss affair. Of course it can be said, that